The 3 scenarios of Global Warming SOLUTION - all 3
are cost effective !
|
1. Stanford Study of 100% RENEWABLES
Energy future for USA :
Capital cost , such as the cost of building renewable energy power
plants, would be more than made up for over time. It would reduce
power demand by about 37 percent, since fuel costs would be zero. It
would also create manufacturing, installation and technology
jobs .
50 States | 50
Plans | Interactive
139 Countries |
The
100% Energy Revolution
(2. Greenpeace
& 3.
IEA )
Scenarios:
Worldwide, By 2050, there will be huge savings in fuel
supply costs, especially in transport and industry, with the
phase-out of fossil fuels.
Because renewable energy has no fuel supply costs, the cost savings
amount to $42 trillion or $1.1 trillion/year.
So the additional investment costs are covered
entirely (107%) by fuel supply cost savings.
Renewable energy accounts for 87% of all energy
jobs by 2030;
 | solar photovoltaic will provide 9.7 million
jobs – equal to
the number of coal jobs today, |
| while employment in the wind sector will increase
10-fold from its current (700,000 in 2015) to over 7.8 million –
twice as many as the oil- and gas industry
combined. |
|
|
|
2050 |
|
New York State |
|
California |
|
Washington |
|
USA |
|
India |
| megawatts |
|
Nbr |
Megawatts |
|
Nbr |
MegaWatts |
|
Nbr |
MegaWatts |
|
Nbr |
GIGAWatts |
|
Nbr |
GIGAWatts |
| 5 |
wind turbines
onshore |
4,020 |
20,100 |
|
24,723 |
127,550 |
|
7,550 |
39,614 |
|
261,055 |
401 |
|
73,253 |
157 |
| 5 |
wind turbines
offshore |
12,770 |
63,850 |
|
7,808 |
39,042 |
|
2,627 |
13,136 |
|
117,954 |
227 |
|
14,540 |
29 |
| 100 |
concentrated solar
plants |
387 |
38,700 |
|
1,226 |
122,642 |
|
|
|
|
1,036 |
94 |
|
1,809 |
106 |
| 50 |
photovoltaic power
plants |
828 |
41,400 |
|
2,141 |
107,473 |
|
794 |
39,736 |
|
28,900 |
313 |
|
42,633 |
464 |
| 5-kilowatt |
residential rooftop
photovoltaic |
5 million |
25,000 |
|
19.1 million |
96,126 |
|
3,554,018 |
17,770 |
|
98,977,081 |
104 |
|
56,137,819 |
58 |
| 100-kilowatt |
commercial/government rooftop photovoltaic systems |
500,000 |
50,000 |
|
1.29 million |
129,424 |
|
255,210 |
25,521 |
|
4,530,833 |
95 |
|
3,870,790 |
80 |
| 100 |
geothermal plants |
36 |
3600 |
|
72 |
9,188 |
|
9.5 |
951 |
|
65 |
6 |
|
2.8 |
0.25 |
| 0.75 |
wave devices |
1,910 |
1432.5 |
|
4,964 |
3,723 |
|
1,284 |
963 |
|
27,875 |
5 |
|
20,359 |
3.5 |
| 1 |
tidal turbines |
2,600 |
2,600 |
|
3,371 |
3,371 |
|
873 |
873 |
|
350
? |
0.086 |
|
700 |
0.17 |
| 1,300 |
hydroelectric
power plants, of which most exist |
7 more |
9,100 |
|
343
(0 more) |
13,630 |
|
1.3 |
22,930 |
|
78 |
51 |
|
36 |
23 |
| Cost |
|
|
~261,000 |
|
|
652,169 |
|
|
161,494 |
|
$9,238,729m |
*1,296 |
|
$6,835,659m |
922 |
|
| A new study finds that it is technically and
economically feasible to power California or New York State by
wind, water and sunlight (WWS).
The plan, shows the way to a sustainable, almost free energy supply that
creates jobs and saves billions of dollars in pollution-related costs. It
fulfills all of the state's:
| transportation, |
| electric power, |
| industry heating and cooling energy with renewable energy. |
It calculates:
| the number of new devices |
| jobs created, |
| amount of land and ocean areas required, |
| policies needed for such an infrastructure change. |
| air pollution mortality and morbidity impacts |
| costs based on multiple years of air quality data. |
Don't let the
Environmental Summit,
Dec 2015 Paris,
be another Crime Scene
QUESTIONABLE PREDICTIONS of
100% Energy Revolution (Greenpeace &
IEA )
Scenarios:
| "By 2030 the only investment in fossil fuels is in
gas power plants which are switched from natural gas to renewable
hydrogen between 2035 and 2050.
|
| 18% BIOMASS by 2050 " |
-- the Stanford Study has no
"oxygen burning" & and is more likely
|
* Along with solar etc we
would need 379,000 WIND TURBINES an area 40x20 miles
4.082 billion megawatt-hours (the average annual US electricity
consumption) divided by 7,008 megawatt-hours of annual wind energy
production per wind turbine equals
583,000 onshore turbines
would take up an area of 30x40 miles,
Rhode Island.
http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/CaliforniaWWS.pdf
see page 9
Source:
https://woods.stanford.edu/news-events/news/envisioning-nation-run-clean-energy
What it takes for
California,
Washington State
Myths and Realities about Wind, Water, and Sun
Versus Current Fuels
Water Defense .org
Vancouver commits to run on 100% renewable energy within 20 years
More than 50 cities
have announced they are on their way to 100% renewable energy including
San Diego and San Francisco, Sydney and Copenhagen.
Some are aiming for 2020, others by 2030 or 2035.
Stanford
in Scientific American
Air pollution–related deaths would decline by about 4,000 plus
health costs savings totaling $33 billion – every year
paying for the new power infrastructure needed within about 10-17 years.
| 40% from wind power (NY), |
| 38% from solar (NY) and |
| 22% from hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal
and wave energy. (NY) |
| All vehicles would be electric .
|
| Home heating and air-conditioning:
Electricity-powered air- and ground-source heat pumps,
geothermal heat pumps, heat exchangers and backup electric resistance
heaters would replace natural gas and oil . |
| Home hot water: Air- and
ground-source heat pump water heaters powered by electricity and solar hot
water preheaters . |
| Industrial processes: High
temperatures would be obtained with electricity and hydrogen combustion. |
2019 STUDY: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin,
Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, West Virginia, New Jersey, Maryland, and
Delaware could see $4.7 billion in health
benefits in 2030 if they stick with current renewable energy
standards, according to a new study from MIT. That’s about a 34% return on
the $3.5 billion price tag associated with actually building out that
infrastructure of renewable energy sources such as wind or solar farms.
THIS RESEARCH SHOWS THAT RENEWABLES PAY FOR THEMSELVES
through health benefits alone.
How will U.S. Utilities Survive?
back to Energy Solutions and CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
|
100% Renewables Solution by 2050 - Wind, Water & Sunlight
World Electric Power Generation.
All rows add up to 100%.
|
Country |
On- shore wind |
Off-shore wind |
Wave |
Geoth-ermal |
Hydro-electric |
Tidal |
Residential Rooftop PV |
Commercial Rooftop PV |
Utility PV |
Concentrated Solar CSP |
|
Albania |
1.50 |
0.28 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
35.10 |
0.45 |
7.54 |
9.59 |
43.54 |
0.00 |
|
Algeria |
1.25 |
0.00 |
0.92 |
0.00 |
0.25 |
0.02 |
9.33 |
10.33 |
62.90 |
15.00 |
|
Angola |
8.00 |
1.70 |
3.00 |
0.00 |
3.64 |
0.09 |
36.92 |
27.57 |
8.58 |
10.50 |
|
Argentina |
30.00 |
20.00 |
2.80 |
1.07 |
7.27 |
0.01 |
8.04 |
9.22 |
11.59 |
10.00 |
|
Armenia |
18.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.64 |
16.96 |
0.00 |
5.09 |
5.46 |
33.35 |
20.00 |
|
Australia |
30.00 |
6.20 |
5.00 |
0.40 |
4.93 |
0.14 |
4.83 |
5.98 |
32.53 |
10.00 |
|
Austria |
27.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
22.68 |
0.00 |
5.12 |
5.55 |
39.45 |
0.20 |
|
Azerbaijan |
45.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.42 |
0.00 |
6.91 |
8.89 |
27.78 |
7.00 |
|
Bahrain |
1.00 |
8.00 |
1.25 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.19 |
3.32 |
5.41 |
60.83 |
20.00 |
|
Bangladesh |
15.00 |
0.00 |
0.65 |
0.00 |
0.27 |
0.09 |
16.55 |
6.59 |
55.85 |
5.00 |
|
Belarus |
45.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.77 |
1.43 |
51.77 |
1.00 |
|
Belgium |
8.00 |
18.00 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
1.83 |
0.03 |
4.56 |
4.75 |
62.75 |
0.00 |
|
Benin |
29.20 |
0.30 |
0.50 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.38 |
11.96 |
5.81 |
41.83 |
10.00 |
|
Bolivia |
25.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
14.98 |
3.17 |
0.00 |
20.12 |
8.61 |
23.12 |
5.00 |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
10.50 |
1.20 |
0.22 |
0.00 |
21.86 |
0.27 |
6.85 |
9.43 |
44.67 |
5.00 |
|
Botswana |
30.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
5.53 |
8.61 |
40.85 |
15.00 |
|
Brazil |
0.85 |
17.00 |
0.97 |
0.00 |
11.31 |
0.01 |
7.40 |
10.21 |
42.24 |
10.00 |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
5.00 |
11.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
7.00 |
8.78 |
57.72 |
10.00 |
|
Bulgaria |
7.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
12.23 |
0.08 |
1.56 |
4.40 |
74.72 |
0.00 |
|
Cambodia |
30.00 |
7.90 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
2.68 |
0.19 |
26.02 |
12.15 |
14.05 |
5.00 |
|
Cameroon |
15.00 |
1.50 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
5.19 |
0.18 |
10.03 |
5.47 |
46.63 |
15.00 |
|
Canada |
37.50 |
21.00 |
2.00 |
1.91 |
16.24 |
0.21 |
1.46 |
1.69 |
17.99 |
0.00 |
|
Chile |
25.00 |
10.00 |
1.00 |
3.15 |
6.67 |
0.05 |
5.33 |
6.92 |
36.89 |
5.00 |
|
China |
16.00 |
12.90 |
0.20 |
0.05 |
4.33 |
0.02 |
3.65 |
4.52 |
49.34 |
9.00 |
|
Chinese Taipei |
2.00 |
38.00 |
0.70 |
27.14 |
2.08 |
0.01 |
1.48 |
3.11 |
25.48 |
0.00 |
|
Colombia |
25.00 |
14.10 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
14.43 |
0.38 |
9.38 |
6.26 |
24.45 |
5.00 |
|
Congo |
10.00 |
12.00 |
1.90 |
0.00 |
4.90 |
1.01 |
27.71 |
21.61 |
20.88 |
0.00 |
|
Congo, Dem. Republic |
10.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.11 |
0.04 |
6.75 |
1.73 |
56.37 |
25.00 |
|
Costa Rica |
3.00 |
1.10 |
1.00 |
26.68 |
21.71 |
0.31 |
17.05 |
17.39 |
6.76 |
5.00 |
|
Cote d'Ivoire |
22.40 |
7.00 |
2.50 |
0.00 |
3.62 |
0.15 |
11.23 |
7.09 |
45.91 |
0.10 |
|
Croatia |
30.00 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
11.74 |
0.13 |
2.41 |
4.84 |
48.87 |
1.00 |
|
Cuba |
22.93 |
15.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.29 |
0.12 |
13.34 |
8.40 |
32.92 |
5.00 |
|
Cyprus |
20.00 |
13.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.51 |
13.02 |
14.06 |
28.41 |
10.00 |
|
Czech Republic |
25.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.39 |
0.00 |
4.14 |
6.64 |
59.84 |
0.00 |
|
Denmark |
28.00 |
57.00 |
3.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
1.59 |
1.64 |
8.66 |
0.00 |
|
Dominican Republic |
25.00 |
5.00 |
2.00 |
9.94 |
4.63 |
0.20 |
24.12 |
20.01 |
4.11 |
5.00 |
|
Ecuador |
35.00 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
0.33 |
10.20 |
0.57 |
25.22 |
13.89 |
11.79 |
0.00 |
|
Egypt |
20.00 |
0.25 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.36 |
0.01 |
11.72 |
8.07 |
42.58 |
15.00 |
|
El Salvador |
10.00 |
2.00 |
3.00 |
32.07 |
8.25 |
0.43 |
17.79 |
10.09 |
11.37 |
5.00 |
|
Eritrea |
15.00 |
5.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.19 |
52.53 |
17.26 |
1.02 |
5.00 |
|
Estonia |
60.00 |
20.66 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.12 |
0.37 |
0.78 |
1.29 |
14.77 |
0.00 |
|
Ethiopia |
16.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.08 |
2.51 |
0.00 |
17.74 |
5.12 |
36.55 |
18.00 |
|
Finland |
32.00 |
41.00 |
1.50 |
0.00 |
5.57 |
0.04 |
0.25 |
0.56 |
19.09 |
0.00 |
|
France |
30.00 |
25.00 |
1.25 |
0.02 |
8.17 |
0.16 |
10.36 |
9.71 |
14.59 |
0.75 |
|
Gabon |
15.00 |
20.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
2.82 |
0.41 |
5.97 |
7.33 |
46.47 |
0.00 |
|
Georgia |
18.00 |
4.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
30.01 |
0.28 |
5.21 |
7.30 |
33.21 |
0.00 |
|
Germany |
18.00 |
17.00 |
0.35 |
0.01 |
2.20 |
0.00 |
5.72 |
5.49 |
51.23 |
0.00 |
|
Ghana |
21.10 |
4.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
8.25 |
0.13 |
8.87 |
6.34 |
50.07 |
0.25 |
|
Gibraltar |
0.03 |
35.00 |
0.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.17 |
0.37 |
0.75 |
62.15 |
0.04 |
|
Greece |
30.00 |
4.00 |
1.00 |
2.40 |
10.05 |
0.07 |
14.19 |
9.14 |
24.45 |
4.70 |
|
Guatemala |
7.00 |
3.00 |
1.00 |
23.68 |
5.82 |
0.14 |
22.54 |
10.38 |
16.43 |
10.00 |
|
Haiti |
30.00 |
11.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.05 |
0.43 |
28.58 |
6.32 |
11.61 |
10.00 |
|
Honduras |
25.00 |
7.50 |
4.00 |
11.17 |
5.78 |
0.26 |
17.22 |
6.65 |
14.92 |
7.50 |
|
Hong Kong, China |
0.25 |
35.00 |
1.20 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
3.18 |
3.71 |
41.62 |
15.00 |
|
Hungary |
1.70 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.15 |
0.18 |
0.00 |
3.01 |
4.37 |
88.59 |
0.00 |
|
Iceland |
39.03 |
6.00 |
2.00 |
23.56 |
29.05 |
0.36 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
India |
17.00 |
3.20 |
0.38 |
0.03 |
2.54 |
0.02 |
6.32 |
8.71 |
50.30 |
11.50 |
|
Indonesia |
6.30 |
10.00 |
2.00 |
3.88 |
1.15 |
0.01 |
8.73 |
8.66 |
49.27 |
10.00 |
|
Iran, Islamic Rep |
11.00 |
2.50 |
0.20 |
0.00 |
2.15 |
0.01 |
2.49 |
2.27 |
61.39 |
18.00 |
|
Iraq |
25.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
0.00 |
4.56 |
0.00 |
10.95 |
6.53 |
41.96 |
10.90 |
|
Ireland |
46.00 |
37.00 |
1.80 |
0.00 |
2.87 |
0.13 |
2.36 |
2.88 |
6.95 |
0.00 |
|
Israel |
10.00 |
3.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
5.71 |
13.65 |
47.54 |
20.00 |
|
Italy |
11.00 |
0.90 |
2.00 |
0.64 |
7.77 |
0.01 |
6.27 |
6.31 |
63.11 |
2.00 |
|
Jamaica |
10.00 |
20.00 |
5.00 |
0.00 |
0.42 |
0.52 |
16.44 |
12.59 |
35.04 |
0.00 |
|
Japan |
4.50 |
6.00 |
1.00 |
0.56 |
10.51 |
0.23 |
7.38 |
11.36 |
56.46 |
2.00 |
|
Jordan |
30.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.12 |
0.20 |
9.39 |
9.13 |
36.17 |
15.00 |
|
Kazakhstan |
46.50 |
6.50 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.56 |
0.02 |
2.56 |
4.09 |
37.78 |
0.00 |
|
Kenya |
21.00 |
7.00 |
1.00 |
10.75 |
2.67 |
0.08 |
14.56 |
7.28 |
28.66 |
7.00 |
|
Korea, Dem Rep. North |
25.00 |
12.50 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
10.49 |
0.80 |
1.84 |
0.57 |
46.80 |
0.00 |
|
Korea, Rep S. |
3.50 |
12.00 |
0.60 |
0.00 |
1.30 |
0.13 |
2.10 |
4.99 |
74.13 |
1.25 |
|
Kosovo |
15.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
37.31 |
10.31 |
0.00 |
2.96 |
2.86 |
31.56 |
0.00 |
|
Kuwait |
5.00 |
6.80 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.05 |
1.39 |
3.18 |
54.57 |
28.00 |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
15.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
26.62 |
0.00 |
8.31 |
6.03 |
44.03 |
0.00 |
|
Latvia |
35.00 |
14.50 |
3.90 |
0.00 |
12.16 |
0.19 |
0.63 |
1.17 |
32.45 |
0.00 |
|
Lebanon |
10.00 |
8.00 |
0.25 |
0.00 |
2.70 |
0.24 |
4.41 |
8.62 |
60.78 |
5.00 |
|
Libya |
26.50 |
3.50 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.08 |
5.63 |
7.87 |
39.42 |
15.00 |
|
Lithuania |
15.00 |
50.00 |
0.50 |
0.00 |
6.49 |
0.16 |
1.78 |
2.36 |
23.72 |
0.00 |
|
Luxembourg |
7.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
18.28 |
0.00 |
5.27 |
4.86 |
64.59 |
0.00 |
|
Macedonia, Rep |
40.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.58 |
0.00 |
5.62 |
7.98 |
37.82 |
0.00 |
|
Malaysia |
14.00 |
8.90 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
2.52 |
0.02 |
4.07 |
10.71 |
58.78 |
0.00 |
|
Malta |
1.00 |
10.00 |
5.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.79 |
4.14 |
7.94 |
66.13 |
5.00 |
|
Mexico |
25.00 |
7.90 |
1.00 |
2.40 |
3.19 |
0.01 |
10.41 |
14.09 |
23.00 |
13.00 |
|
Moldova, Republic |
45.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.14 |
0.00 |
3.91 |
4.55 |
45.40 |
0.00 |
|
Mongolia |
38.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.22 |
0.00 |
2.75 |
3.20 |
55.83 |
0.00 |
|
Montenegro |
10.00 |
15.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
31.95 |
1.19 |
3.98 |
6.55 |
29.33 |
0.00 |
|
Morocco |
22.50 |
5.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
3.66 |
0.05 |
8.41 |
7.49 |
45.89 |
5.00 |
|
Mozambique |
25.00 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
10.48 |
2.37 |
13.56 |
4.77 |
34.81 |
5.00 |
|
Myanmar |
10.00 |
12.00 |
0.20 |
0.00 |
7.86 |
0.27 |
20.72 |
9.56 |
34.38 |
5.00 |
|
Namibia |
14.00 |
3.25 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
4.52 |
0.45 |
3.39 |
4.00 |
63.39 |
5.00 |
|
Nepal |
15.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
3.21 |
0.00 |
11.59 |
3.77 |
56.43 |
10.00 |
|
Netherlands |
5.00 |
60.00 |
0.30 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
1.60 |
1.62 |
31.43 |
0.00 |
|
Netherlands Antilles |
2.00 |
12.50 |
4.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.52 |
3.47 |
3.21 |
74.29 |
0.00 |
|
New Zealand |
30.00 |
13.25 |
1.00 |
13.29 |
19.43 |
0.36 |
2.77 |
3.72 |
16.18 |
0.00 |
|
Nicaragua |
10.00 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
18.39 |
22.49 |
0.55 |
23.75 |
10.01 |
6.81 |
5.00 |
|
Nigeria |
20.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
0.00 |
0.77 |
0.01 |
9.65 |
9.94 |
39.53 |
20.00 |
|
Norway |
14.00 |
10.00 |
0.55 |
0.00 |
72.86 |
0.42 |
0.36 |
0.71 |
1.10 |
0.00 |
|
Oman |
18.00 |
3.90 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
1.52 |
1.98 |
58.57 |
15.00 |
|
Pakistan |
2.50 |
2.25 |
0.30 |
0.00 |
2.93 |
0.01 |
12.23 |
6.65 |
58.12 |
15.00 |
|
Panama |
30.00 |
5.00 |
4.00 |
0.00 |
11.85 |
0.78 |
11.31 |
10.69 |
26.38 |
0.00 |
|
Paraguay |
4.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
67.83 |
0.00 |
17.11 |
8.03 |
3.03 |
0.00 |
|
Peru |
25.00 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
6.79 |
10.09 |
0.07 |
21.70 |
13.55 |
19.80 |
2.00 |
|
Philippines |
5.00 |
10.00 |
5.00 |
12.29 |
4.55 |
0.29 |
31.52 |
17.27 |
14.09 |
0.00 |
|
Poland |
43.00 |
29.00 |
0.35 |
0.16 |
1.96 |
0.02 |
4.83 |
10.00 |
10.67 |
0.00 |
|
Portugal |
35.00 |
15.00 |
1.00 |
0.63 |
20.40 |
0.87 |
7.37 |
9.62 |
7.37 |
2.75 |
|
Qatar |
3.50 |
7.90 |
0.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.05 |
1.21 |
2.83 |
77.50 |
6.50 |
|
Romania |
24.40 |
22.00 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
10.07 |
0.04 |
1.58 |
5.36 |
36.04 |
0.00 |
|
Russian Federation |
48.80 |
22.00 |
2.00 |
0.08 |
4.53 |
0.02 |
0.73 |
1.33 |
20.51 |
0.00 |
|
Saudi Arabia |
11.00 |
0.00 |
0.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
3.25 |
4.33 |
45.92 |
35.00 |
|
Senegal |
20.00 |
5.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.95 |
0.34 |
18.48 |
9.04 |
34.19 |
10.00 |
|
Serbia |
25.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
10.34 |
0.00 |
2.39 |
4.97 |
57.31 |
0.00 |
|
Singapore |
0.10 |
0.48 |
0.17 |
6.17 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
3.68 |
3.56 |
85.82 |
0.00 |
|
Slovak Republic |
35.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
12.03 |
0.00 |
2.28 |
3.87 |
46.81 |
0.00 |
|
Slovenia |
30.00 |
2.80 |
0.50 |
2.01 |
14.41 |
0.27 |
2.34 |
3.46 |
44.20 |
0.00 |
|
South Africa |
20.00 |
7.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.13 |
0.01 |
1.56 |
2.56 |
56.74 |
10.00 |
|
Spain |
25.70 |
10.00 |
1.00 |
0.07 |
11.86 |
0.30 |
10.58 |
9.42 |
20.10 |
10.98 |
|
Sri Lanka |
20.00 |
22.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
5.79 |
0.09 |
18.13 |
12.22 |
19.77 |
0.00 |
|
Sudan |
12.00 |
7.35 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
8.04 |
0.09 |
21.04 |
13.39 |
17.09 |
20.00 |
|
Sweden |
55.00 |
19.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
22.01 |
0.07 |
0.73 |
0.97 |
1.23 |
0.00 |
|
Switzerland |
15.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
39.64 |
0.00 |
4.41 |
7.91 |
33.04 |
0.00 |
|
Syrian Arab Republic |
35.00 |
1.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
6.45 |
0.10 |
11.82 |
5.79 |
32.34 |
7.00 |
|
Tajikistan |
30.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
44.61 |
0.00 |
16.60 |
8.00 |
0.80 |
0.00 |
|
Tanzania, United Rep |
18.55 |
7.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.11 |
0.49 |
8.38 |
3.63 |
49.84 |
10.00 |
|
Thailand |
11.00 |
5.40 |
1.00 |
0.07 |
1.45 |
0.01 |
3.42 |
4.38 |
68.27 |
5.00 |
|
Togo |
21.50 |
2.00 |
0.60 |
0.00 |
1.67 |
0.59 |
11.74 |
3.71 |
53.20 |
5.00 |
|
Trinidad and Tobago |
1.00 |
48.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.18 |
3.67 |
3.55 |
41.60 |
1.00 |
|
Tunisia |
23.00 |
4.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.24 |
0.08 |
5.12 |
5.60 |
55.96 |
5.00 |
|
Turkey |
16.00 |
0.05 |
0.50 |
0.83 |
14.46 |
0.02 |
10.90 |
10.16 |
39.08 |
8.00 |
|
Turkmenistan |
16.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.43 |
2.80 |
79.76 |
0.00 |
|
Ukraine |
25.00 |
30.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
2.50 |
0.01 |
1.46 |
2.05 |
37.98 |
0.00 |
|
United Arab Emirates |
4.00 |
4.00 |
0.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.79 |
1.31 |
79.39 |
10.00 |
|
United Kingdom |
20.00 |
65.00 |
0.80 |
0.00 |
1.73 |
2.19 |
1.09 |
2.96 |
6.22 |
0.00 |
|
USA |
30.92 |
17.50 |
0.37 |
0.45 |
3.92 |
0.01 |
8.04 |
7.36 |
24.14 |
7.30 |
|
Uruguay |
30.00 |
13.50 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
16.52 |
0.26 |
7.56 |
10.52 |
19.64 |
0.00 |
|
Uzbekistan |
4.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.50 |
0.00 |
3.48 |
2.05 |
88.97 |
0.00 |
|
Venezuela |
15.80 |
20.00 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
12.98 |
0.02 |
6.92 |
6.00 |
27.03 |
10.25 |
|
Vietnam |
0.01 |
30.00 |
1.90 |
0.00 |
7.78 |
0.01 |
8.40 |
4.91 |
33.04 |
13.95 |
|
Yemen |
4.00 |
5.00 |
2.00 |
1.20 |
0.00 |
0.16 |
23.13 |
7.03 |
44.47 |
13.00 |
|
Zambia |
20.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.78 |
8.88 |
0.00 |
12.98 |
7.73 |
31.62 |
18.00 |
|
Zimbabwe |
21.50 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.95 |
0.00 |
6.42 |
6.09 |
39.04 |
24.00 |
|
World average |
19.37 |
12.90 |
0.72 |
0.74 |
4.84 |
0.07 |
5.55 |
5.97 |
42.17 |
7.67 |
Source. Utility PV plants, and
CSP plants require a new footprint on
land. Rooftop PV does
not take up new land. The total new land footprint required for the plants,
averaged 0.29% of the land area of the countries, mostly for
utility PV plants. This does not account for the
decrease in footprint from eliminating the current energy infrastructure, which
includes the footprint for mining, transporting, and refining fossil fuels and
uranium and for growing, transporting, and refining biofuels and bioenergy.
CSP is assumed to be viable only in countries with significant direct
solar radiation.
links
Onshore wind turbines requires
~0.65% of the 139-country land area and can also be
used for multiple purposes, such as agricultural land, grazing land, and open
space.
| CREATES: 24 million 35-year construction jobs and 26.5 million 35-year
operation jobs,
outweighing by ~(22.1 to 28.4) million jobs lost in the
fossil energy sector. |
| Eliminates ~4.6 (1.3-8.0) million premature air
pollution mortalities per year today and 3.3
(0.8-7.0) million/yr in 2050, avoiding ~$25.4
($4.3-$69.7) trillion/year in 2050
air-pollution damage costs (2013 dollars). |
| Eliminates ~ ($9.6-$36) trillion/year in 2050
global warming costs (2013
dollars) due to greenhouse-gas and particle emissions. |
|
